ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SNAIL (ARCHACHATINA MARGINATA) SLIME ON SOME CLINICAL WOUND ISOLATES
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) slime against some bacteria isolated from various types of wound.
Methodology: Six (6) bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp) isolated from wound sample of patient obtained from Microbiology Department of Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital Kano were involved in the study. The antibacterial activity of the slime extract was determined using agar well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration of the slime was determined using broth dilution technique.
Results: The result showed that higher activity was shown by E. coli with average zone of inhibition of 15.2 mm, followed by Klebsiella sp (14.2 mm), Proteus mirabilis (13.3 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.0 mm) and least activity was shown by Staphylococcus aureus (09.1 mm). No activity was shown by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is no statistical difference in the activity of the slime against the test isolates (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: It is concluded that the slime of A. marginata contain antibacterial agents.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Leaper DJ and Harding KG- Wounds Biology and Management; Oxford press 1998
Hutchinsion J- The Wound Programme, Centre for medical Education, Dundee 1992
White RJ, Cutting K and Kingsley A- Topical antimicrobial in the control of wound bio-burden. Ostomy wound manage 2006:5226-58.
Cutting KF and White RJ- Criteria for identification wound infection revisited. Ostomy wound manage, 2005:51:28-34
Heinzelmann M, Scott M and Lam T- Factors predisposing to bacterial invasion and infections; Am J Surg 2002; 183:179-90.
Abiona JA, Akinduti A, Osinowo OA, Onagbesan OM- Comparative evaluation of inhibitory activity of epiphgram from albino and normal skinned giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata) against selected bacteria isolates. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 2013;6(2):177–181.
Kim YS, Jo YY, Chang IM, Toida T, Parky Linhardt RJ- A new glycosaminoglycan from the giant Archatina folica. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1996; 271(20)11750-11755.
Taiwo SS, Okesina AB and Onile RJ- In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolate from wound infections in university or Ilorin teaching hospital. African journal of clinical and Experimental microbiology, 2002;3(1):6-10.
Andhoga J, Macaria AG, Makuma IR, Wanyong ZS, Ayumba BR, Kaka R- Aerobic pathogenic bacteria in postoperative wounds at Moi Teaching and referral Hospital. East African medical journal 2002:79(12): 64044.
Adikwu MU, Enebeke TC- Evaluation of snail mucin dispersed in Brachystegia gum gel as a wound healing agent. Animal Research International, 2007;4(2):685–690.
Otosuka-Fuchino H, Watanabe Y, Hirakawac Tamiya T, Matsumoto JJ, Tsuchia T- Bactericidal activity of a glycoprtien from the body surface mucus of giant African snail Comparative biochemistry and physiology 1992;101:607-613.
Santana WA, Melo CM, Cardoso JC, Pereira-Filho RN, Rabelo AS, Reis FP, Albuquerque-Júnior RLC- Assessment of antimicrobial activity and healing potential of mucous secretion of Archatina fulica; International Journal of Morphology, 2012; 30(2):365-373. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-9522012000200001
Diso SU, Adam JS, Mu’azu L, Abdallah MS, Ali M- Isolation and Characterization of Some Fungi Associated with Superficial Fungal Infections. ARC Journal of Dermatology, 2020; 5(1):12-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20431/2456-0022.0501003
National Population Commission (NPC) (2014). National population census result Abuja, Nigeria
Cheesbrough M- District laboratory practice in tropical countries. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2000. ISBN 0-521-68459-5.
Ali M, Yahaya A, Zage AU, Yusuf ZM- In-vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Psidium guajava on Some Enteric Bacterial Isolates of Public Health Importance; Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017;12(3): 1-7.
Lawrence B, Etiml CA and Obande GA- Antibacterial properties of snail mucus on bacterial isolated from patients with wound infection. British microbiology research journal, 2015;11;(2)1-9
Gambo SB, Ali M, Diso SU, Abubakar NS- Antibacterial Activity of Honey against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Infected Wound. Arch Phar & Pharmacol Res. 1(2): 2018. APPR.MS.ID.000506
Nas FS and Ali M- Antibacterial activity of Boswellia dalzielii leaves extracts against some pathogenic bacteria isolates. Journal of Advance in Microbiology, 2017;7(1): 1- 8
Zage AU, Ahmad I, Fagwalawa LD and Ali M- In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Garcinia kola extracts against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Pharm Pharmaceutics, 2018;5(1): 13- 18
Martins MF, Caetano FAM and SÃrio OJ- Avaliação do reparo de lesões de pele de coelhos tratadas com secreção mucoglicoproteica do escargot Achatina. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., 2003;1(1):1-1122. SÃrio OJ- Verificação da potencialização do efeito cicatrizante do muco de caracóis do gênero Achatina promovida por dieta a base de Confrei (Symphytum officinale L.). Dissertação, Mestrado. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção Animal. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Pirassununga, Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. p.87.
Lorenzi AT and Martins MF- Análise colorimétrica e espectroscópica do muco de caracóis terrestres Achatina sp alimentados com ração diferenciada. R. Bras. Zootec., 2008;37(3):572-9
Periyasamy N, Srinivasan M, Bala K- Antimicrobial activities of the tissue extracts of Babylonia spiratelinenealis, 1758 (mullusca Gastropoda) from Thazhaguda, Southeast coast of India. Asian Pacific journal of tropical Biomedicine, 2012 Vol. 2 (1) 36 – 40, DOI 10.1016/s 2221 – 169 (11) 60186 – X.
Ajiboye OO- Studies on secretion and antibacterial activity of mucus of the giant African land snail, Archachatina marginata (A Master’s dissertation, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria); 201126. Sodipe OG, Osinnowo OA, Onagbesan OM and Bankole- Evolution of the heamolymph of Giant African Snails (Archachatina marginata) and (Archatina Archatina) for bacteria sterilities; Department of microbiology and of Animal physiology, Federal university of Agriculture Abeokuta, 2013
Cilia G and Fratini F- Antimicrobial properties of terrestrial snail and slug mucus, Journal of complementary & integrative medicine, 2018;15(3): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1515/ jcim-2017-0168
Etim L, Aleruchi C and Obande G- Antibacterial Properties of Snail Mucus on Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Wound Infection, British Microbiology Research Journal, 2016;11(2): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21731.
Iguchi SMM, Aikawa T, Matsumoto JJ- Antibacterial activity of snail mucus mucin; Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.1982;72A(3):571-574.
Ehara T, Kitajima S, Kanzawa N, Tamiya T, Tsuchiya T- Antimicrobial action of achacin is mediated by L-amino acid oxidase activity. FEBS Letters, 2002; 531(3):509–512.